Utilization of banana (musa paradisiaca) peel as bioplastic for planting bag application

This research aims to utilise banana (Musa Paradisiaca) peel to be incorporated into biodegradable planting bag as well as to evaluate its mechanical and physical properties in order to compare with the commercial biodegradable planting bag. The preparation of samples involved several stages where banana peels (BP) were isolated from the chaff and chopped into smaller sizes about 2 cm in length. Then, the peels were oven-dried at 70℃ and grinded into the range diameter of 23 mm particle sizes. Dried ground banana peels were then extracted by maceration method and later were incorporated into thermoplastic starch (TPS) with eight different concentration of BP. Experimental tests were conducted to characterize and evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of the biodegradable plastic. In terms of density and porosity, bioplastic of 40 wt.% BP exhibited highest density and lowest porosity of 1.316 g/cm3 and 0.097% respectively. Furthermore, bioplastic of 10 wt.% BP withstand the highest tear resistance up to 66.388 N/mm. In terms of biodegradability, banana peel-based biodegradable plastic degraded much faster with average percentage of weight loss of 65.1% than that of the commercial biodegradable plastic with only average percentage of weight loss of 29.5% within the period of eight weeks

Physical Characterization of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) Peel Derived Bioplastic

It is challenging to Organic waste management is regarded a crucial strategy for achieving resource conservation and maintaining environmental quality. Due to their broad applications in food packaging and biomedical fields, bioplastics have drawn growing interest in recent years. These environmentally friendly polymers are gradually reducing and replacing the use of synthetic polymers based on petroleum due to their safety, low cost of production and biodegradability. This study discussed the utilization of banana (Musa Paradisiaca) peel incorporated into bioplastic. The use of banana peel (BP) in this study is mainly to replace the synthetic materials used in the conventional plastic. The preparation of samples involved several stages where banana peels were isolated from the fruits, cleaned, oven-dried at 70℃ and grinded into the range diameter of 0.23 ± 0.02 mm particle sizes. Dried ground banana peels were then extracted by maceration method and were incorporated into thermoplastic starch (TPS) with eight different concentration of BP which are 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40 wt.%. This paper highlights the recent findings attributed to the properties of the bioplastics where FTIR analysis, SEM analysis, density and porosity tests have been carried out to evaluate their physical characteristics.manage the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) because it is putrescible. OFMSW is dominated by food waste, and food waste is easily degradable and causes unpleasant odor at the landfill. Anaerobic digestion was preferable for food waste stabilization. However, the methane production of food waste was low. This research aims to analyze the methane yield and its kinetics from the digestion of thermally treated food waste. In preparing the thermally treated food waste, the water bath at 50°C was used and operated for two hours. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) was conducted in a batch reactor. The reactor was operated at a mesophilic temperature at inoculum to substrate ratio of 2.0. The results showed that the ultimate methane yield of thermally treated food waste increased with 630 mL CH4/g VS higher than untreated food waste. The thermal pre-treatment improved the methane production rate with an increment of 9.8%. Besides, kinetic parameters observed from Modified Gompertz modeling were found lesser than laboratory observation. Despite that, thermal pre-treatment at 50°C significantly improved the digestion of food waste

Influence of the ratio on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composite with diapers waste as fillers for partition panel application

Materials play significant role in the domestic economy and defense with the fast growth of science and technology field. New materials are the core of fresh technologies and the three pillars of modern science and technology are materials science, power technology and data science. The prior properties of the partition panel by using recycled diapers waste depend on the origin of waste deposits and its chemical constituents. This study presents the influence of the ratio on the mechanical properties of polymer in diapers waste reinforced with binder matrix for partition panel application. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different ratio of diapers waste polymer reinforced epoxy-matrix with regards to mechanical properties and morphology analysis. The polymer includes polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were used as reinforcing material. The tensile and bending resistance for ratio of 0.4 diapers waste polymers indicated the optimum ratio for fabricating the partition panel. Samples with 0.4 ratios of diapers waste polymers have highest stiffness of elasticity reading with 76.06 MPa. A correlation between the micro structural analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the mechanical properties of the material has been discussed

Heat-setting parameters optimisation of cotton/elastane fabric using response surface methodology

The effect of heat-setting treatment on the performance of cotton/elastane fabric has been studied. Response surface methodology has been used to design the experiments where temperature (°C), time (s) and fabric width extension (%) are taken as factor variables. Fabric dimension (lengthwise and widthwise), fabric areal density and fabric tension decay are taken as response variables. The findings establish that the optimum heat-setting parameters are 190 °C temperature, 75 s process time and 13.5% width extension. It is necessary to optimise the heat-setting parameters to achieve better fabric dimensional stability, as overheating damages and deteriorates some of the elastane filaments, resulting in reduced recovery properties after a certain temperature point.

Plastic waste and its method of recycling

Plastics waste is one of the major problems the world is currently facing due to the increase in plastic production and their demands in emerging economies. One of the concerns of plastic is unsystematic disposal problem that leads to an increase in plastic waste accumulation which can last forever in the environment and causing sever pollution.

The influence of physical properties on comfort performance of bedsheet fabrics

This paper analyzes the comfort performance of different types of bedsheet fabrics which are polyester, polyester blended with Tencel, cotton, Tencel and modal. The objectives of this study are to determine the physical and comfort properties of bedsheet fabrics as well as to evaluate the influence of physical properties on the comfort performance of bedsheet fabrics. The preparation of samples involved sourcing the fabrics that are commercially used. Physical properties such as thickness, mass per unit area and porosity were determined in order to evaluate their relationship on comfort properties such as thermal resistance, wicking area and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR). It was found that Tencel fabric exhibited the lowest thermal resistance of 0.0037 m2 °C/W while polyester fabric showed the highest thermal resistance of 0.0084 m2 °C/W. For wicking area, polyester blended with Tencel fabric demonstrated the highest wicking area whereas Tencel fabric displayed the highest WVTR of 1069.21 g/24h.m2 . Based on findings, Tencel bedsheet could offer better comfort in hot environment as the heat and water vapour can pass through the fabric easily compared to other fabrics. Meanwhile, polyester bedsheet will offer better comfort in cold environment as it can retain the heat and this can help the users to feel warmer in cold environment

The Preparation and Characterization on Natural Dyes Based on Neem, Henna and Turmeric for Dyeing on Cotton with Superhydrophobic Coating

This study is presents the preparation and characterization on natural dyes based on neem, henna and turmeric for dyeing on cotton with superhydrophobic coating. Natural dyes were used to reduce the usage of the synthetic dyes in dyeing process and superhydrophobic coating to maintain the colour of the dyes on the fabric from faded and acts as a self-cleaning. The methodology involved for this study was the extraction process of natural dyes from the neem, henna and turmeric. There are eight different concentrations consists of 0.25g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.75g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.25g/ml, 1.50g/ml, 1.75g/ml and 2.0g/ml. The mechanical test involved is abrasion test for evaluation the resists wear caused by flat rubbing contact with another materials. Henna coated cotton fabrics have lower percentage weight loss compared to neem and turmeric coated cotton fabrics and uncoated cotton fabrics. The weight percentage loss for henna coated cotton fabrics at 2.0g/ml was 3.57%, for neem coated cotton fabrics at 2.0g/ml was 3.58% and turmeric at 2.0g/ml concentration was 3.59%. On the other hand, the value for the henna uncoated cotton fabric at 2.0g/ml was at 4.62%, neem at 2.0g/ml concentration was 4.64% and the value for uncoated turmeric at 2.0g/ml was 4.65% respectively

The mechanical performance of tile based on plastic waste (PW) mixed wood waste (MWW)

Demand for recycling product like plastics, papers, metals and alternative materials will increase due to its numerous applications particularly on business. Recently analysis estimates that 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic has been made within the 65 years production of plastics began. Approx-imately 4.9 billion tons has already been terminated up in lowland or polluting the setting. This project research is to study the mechanical performance of tile based on plastic waste (PW) mixed with wood waste (WW). The objective is to evaluate the mechanical properties and to determine the optimum ratio of PW reinforced WW for tile application. In this study, there are four types of com-posites ratio of PW reinforced WW which are 1.0 PW:2.0 WW, 2.0 PW:2.0 WW, 3.0 PW:2.0 WW, and 4.0 PW:2.0 WW. The processes involved grinding, sizing and mixture process. Firstly, the PW and WW were grinded by using Grind Machine with the speed of 300 rpm. Then, the composition of PW and WW were mixed together with special resin by ratios into square aluminum tray with dimension of 26 cm× 26 cm and thickness of 0.5 cm. The samples were cured for 48 hours at room temperature (27 C). The maximum tensile strength was observed that the ration of 3.0 PW:2.0 WW loading produced the highest strength at 313.81 N. The bending test exhibited 2069.20 N for the ratio of 3.0 PW:2.0 WW. For impact test, 3.0 PW:2.0 WW can withstand the maximum stress at 1.67 kJ/m2. 3.0 PW:2.0 WW showed lower density of 1.070 g/cm3 and higher porosity value of 0.05%. It clearly shows that fiber matrix bonding PW:WW in distribution special resin form a strong adhesive bond at ratio of 3.0:2.0 with magnification of 10× by using Optical Microscopes Image. In conclusion, the composition ratio of PW:WW revealed that 3.0 ratio of PW reinforced with 2.0 ratio of WW produce optimum ratio for tile application

The characterization of thermoplastic starch (TPS) reinforced with banana peel (BP) Polymer composites

This study presents the characterization of thermoplastic starch (TPS) reinforced with banana peel (BP) polymer composites. Recently, various studies have centred more on the use of polymer composite where thermoplastic starch (TPS) has received significant attention to behave as the composite matrix due to its degradable nature. In the meantime, numerous types of fillers especially from natural and renewable resources such as biomass and agricultural waste have also been considered. This is important to guarantee the sustainability of our environment and to overcome the high demand for plastics generated by crude oil and natural gas where the supply is minimal. Since most of the previous studies more focusing on the usage of starch/polyester, starch/PVA and starch/PLA blends, this research is motivated to fabricate biodegradable polymer composite derived from starch/biomass blend. The research aims to formulate TPS/BP polymer composites under different concentration of BP as well as to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of the TPS/BP polymer composites. The preparation of samples involved several stages where the BP were extracted via maceration method and subsequently integrated into the TPS matrix to form TPS/BP polymer composite. In this study, it is apparent that the sample with 10 wt.% of BP withstand the highest tensile strength and tear resistance up to 39.303 MPa and 66.388 N/mm, respectively. In terms of biodegradability, it can be concluded that composites with 40 wt.% of BP exhibited higher degradation rate of 65.1% average weight loss as compared to 5 wt.% of BP with only 45.2% average weight loss within eight weeks. Evidently, TPS/BP polymer composites demonstrated considerably good physical and mechanical performance as an alternative to the existing biodegradable polymer

Fabrication and characterization of HDPE plastic waste reinforced rubber composite

Plastic is one of the organic polymers that are normally made of petrochemical synthetics. The most common feature of plastic id that its manufacturing and moulding process is not difficult to carry out and the production cost, as well as its density, are also relatively low..